McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
The McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet is an American twin-engine multirole fighter designed for both fighter and attack missions. It became a mainstay of United States carrier aviation and was exported to several allied air forces.[1]
Development
The Hornet originated with Northrop’s YF-17, a competitor in the USAF Lightweight Fighter programme. McDonnell Douglas and Northrop adapted the design for US Navy carrier operations, producing the larger and stronger F/A-18. The first aircraft flew in 1978.
The A and B models were followed by improved F/A-18C and D versions with new avionics, weapons and all-weather attack capability. Production ended in 2000, while the larger Super Hornet continued the name.[1]
Design
Twin engines, leading-edge extensions and digital flight controls give the Hornet strong low-speed handling and high-angle-of-attack performance. Carrier aircraft use folding wings, a reinforced undercarriage and an arresting hook.
The designation reflects its combined fighter and attack roles. A Hornet can carry air-to-air missiles, anti-ship weapons, targeting pods and guided or unguided bombs, while retaining an internal cannon.
Operational history
Hornets served extensively with the US Navy and Marine Corps, including during the 1986 strikes on Libya, the Gulf War and later operations in the Middle East and Balkans. The Blue Angels flew the type from 1986 until 2020.
Canada, Finland, Spain, Switzerland and other countries acquired land-based versions. Several continue to operate upgraded aircraft even after the type’s retirement from regular US Navy service.
Variants and operators
The aircraft family includes F/A-18A/B; F/A-18C/D; CF-18; AF-18A/B. Equipment, weapons and mission systems differ among production blocks and national fleets.
Principal or notable users include Finnish Air Force; Spanish Air and Space Force; Royal Canadian Air Force; historical US Navy and US Marine Corps. Some operators have retired early versions while others continue upgrades or new procurement.[1]
Specifications
Published performance figures depend on configuration, fuel, altitude and mission profile. Representative figures for the family include a maximum speed of Mach 1.8 and a range of 1,089 nmi (2,017 km) ferry range. The usual crew is 1 or 2, and power is provided by 2 × General Electric F404 afterburning turbofans.[1]