The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is a military strategic transport designed to carry exceptionally large cargo for the United States Air Force. The first aircraft flew on 30 June 1968 from Marietta, Georgia, where the production fleet was built. Operational service began in 1970.[1]Saluting a Star: Lockheed Martin Celebrates the C-5 Galaxy’s 50th AnniversaryLockheed Martin · news.lockheedmartin.com · Accessed 2026-09-13Open source details
Development and production
The Galaxy’s initial development encountered serious structural and financial difficulties. Wing testing in 1969 revealed inadequate strength and fatigue life, and early operations were restricted in payload, range and flying hours. The problems made the C-5 a prominent example in debates about military procurement and cost overruns.[2]Another Galaxy, Another Test: Operational Test and Evaluation of the C-5MAir Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center · afotec.af.mil · Accessed 2026-09-13Open source details
Production took place in two main periods: the original C-5A programme and a renewed C-5B programme in the 1980s. Lockheed Martin records 131 production aircraft, comprising 81 As and 50 Bs. The subsequent Super Galaxy programme modernized existing aircraft rather than introducing a new production line.[1]Saluting a Star: Lockheed Martin Celebrates the C-5 Galaxy’s 50th AnniversaryLockheed Martin · news.lockheedmartin.com · Accessed 2026-09-13Open source details[3]C-5M Super GalaxyU.S. Air Force · af.mil · Accessed 2026-09-13Open source details
Cargo handling
Both the nose and tail open for loading, allowing vehicles to drive through the cargo compartment. The landing gear has 28 wheels and can kneel to reduce the ramp angle. The C-5M’s hold is approximately 144 feet long, 19 feet wide and 13 feet 6 inches high, accommodating equipment too bulky for smaller transports. Its upper deck provides separate space for crew and passengers.[3]C-5M Super GalaxyU.S. Air Force · af.mil · Accessed 2026-09-13Open source details
Super Galaxy modernization
The C-5M combines updated avionics with new General Electric F138 engines, derived from the commercial CF6 family. The reliability and re-engining programme replaced the older TF39 installation and modified associated systems. Its normal crew includes two pilots, two flight engineers and three loadmasters. Aerial refuelling supports long-distance missions, while the large cabin remains the defining feature for moving outsized military cargo.[3]C-5M Super GalaxyU.S. Air Force · af.mil · Accessed 2026-09-13Open source details